SPERM ANALYSIS
Semen Analysis and Related Tests
The semen analysis evaluation performed in Istanbul IVF Center has a guiding and guiding importance in the treatment of the patient. According to the results of the semen analysis test, IUI (Vaccination), IVF (in vitro fertilization) or ICSI (intra cytoplasmic sperm injection) procedures are decided in the treatment of the infertile couple. In addition, when necessary, sperm freezing is used as the first step in directing the TESA/TESE (sperm extraction from testis) procedures.While evaluating the sperm analysis, reporting is made by considering the World Health Organization (WHO) Laboratory Manual, and in the evaluation of sperm morphology, "Kruger strik criteria" are taken into account.
The semen analysis process is based on the examination of the sample given by ejaculation in the IVF center. In order to carry out this examination, the patient must abstain from sexual intercourse for 3-5 days. Conditions that have a significant impact during the delivery of the semen sample are as follows;
- Loss during sampling (the first part of the semen sample contains dense sperm count.)
- Having a disease that may cause high fever during the period in which the sample is given
-Complaints about testicles, kidneys or urinary tract
- Any surgery
- Drugs that have to be used for a long time
Exposure to excessive stress or chemicals
After the liquefaction period has passed, the semen sample is evaluated macroscopically and microscopically, respectively. In the microscopic examination, it is reported by counting in special chambers in terms of sperm count and motility.
A normal sperm morphology, according to Kruger stric criteria; It should have a smooth-edged, oval-shaped head and a prominent acrosome that occupies 40%-70% of the head area. There should be no defects of the neck, midsection and tail and no cytoplasmic droplet larger than half of the head area.
Additional tests may be needed in the evaluation of semen analysis.
- Mixed Antiglobulin (SpermMar) Test is applied in cases where sperm antibody level needs to be determined. With this test, antibodies (IgA, IgG) bound to motile sperm are defined. Therefore, a sufficient number of motile sperm must be present.
- In cases where sperm vitality (viability) needs to be evaluated, sperm viability is determined by applying Eosin-Y and HOST tests. At the same time, these tests are also applied to confirm sperm viability in cases where sperm is obtained from the testis after TESA/TESE procedures.
Additional tests may be needed in the evaluation of semen analysis.
- Mixed Antiglobulin (SpermMar) Test is applied in cases where sperm antibody level needs to be determined. With this test, antibodies (IgA, IgG) bound to motile sperm are defined. Therefore, a sufficient number of motile sperm must be present.
- In cases where sperm vitality (viability) needs to be evaluated, sperm viability is determined by applying Eosin-Y and HOST tests. At the same time, these tests are also applied to confirm sperm viability in cases where sperm is obtained from the testis after TESA/TESE procedures.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO 2010) criteria, normal sperm parameters are as follows;
| Parameters | lowest reference |
| Semen Volume (ml) | 1,5 |
| Sperm concentration (million/ml) | 15 |
| Total sperm count (million/ejaculate) | 39 |
| Progressive motile (%) | 32 (+4, +3 ) |
| Total motile (%) | 40 |
| Vitality (viable sperm) (%) | 58 |
| Normal morphology (%) | >4 |
| Ph | >/=7,2 |
| Leukocytes (million/ml) | <1 |
